The birth process of a yarn, from principle to yarn formation, can be understood in one article!- Jiaxing Fuda Chemical Fiber Factory

Spinning is a very ancient activity, and since prehistoric times, humans have known how to spin some of the shorter fibers into long yarns and then weave them into cloth. The so-called spinning is the act of taking animal or plant fibers and twisting them into a continuous and infinitely extended yarn so that it can be adapted to weaving.

▲The process of spinning textile fibers into yarn by physical or mechanical methods

The basic principles of spinning

1 Kaiqing cotton (clear flower)

● Main tasks

Opening – The bulk fibers in the pressed chemical fiber package are opened into small pieces or bundles of small fibers.

Impurity removal - remove some impurities in raw materials.

Blending – homogeneous mixing of fibers of various properties.

Rolls – Uniform chemical fiber rolls are made for the carding process.

▲Straight cotton grabber

2. Comb cotton

The cotton rolls are fed into a carding machine and combed to obtain a tampon.

▲The cotton rolls generated by the clearing process are fed to the carding machine

● Main tasks

Combing – Obtain single fibers

Impurity removal - remove impurities and linters

Blending – Mixing between single fibers

Forming strips – making uniform tampons

3 Tie

In order to improve the uniformity of the slivers, 6~8 slivers are fed into the drawing machine, and 1 sliver is obtained by roller drafting.

● Main tasks

Homogenization – improve the dry uniformity of the sliver for a more uniform yarn;

Parallel - strive for the fibers in the tampon to be more straight and parallel;

Mixing - mixing various fibers as required;

Strips - strips are packed in tampon drums as required for production in the next process.

4. Rovy

● Main tasks

Drafting – Lengthening and thinning the strips to form roving.

Twisting – Add a certain twist to the roving to increase the strength of the roving.

Winding – Twisted rovings are wound onto a barrel.

5 fine yarn

● Main tasks

Drafting – Drawing roving to the required characteristics.

Twisting - adding a certain twist to the drafted yarn strip to give it a certain strength, elasticity and luster.

Winding – Winding into tubular yarn for easy transport and post-processing.

6Post-processing (winding, merging, twisting)

● Main tasks

Improve the appearance quality of the product - remove yarn defects and cotton impurities through singing, waxing, winding, etc., improve the uniformity and finish of the strip, etc.

Change the intrinsic properties of the product - improve the strength of yarn formation by merging yarn, twisting, etc.

Stabilize the structural state of the product – mainly stabilize yarn twisting.

Produced in the appropriate package form – for easy transport, storage and further processing, e.g. into bobbins, stranded yarns or into bales, packets, etc.

(1) Winding:

a. Connecting long yarn to increase the roll capacity of the yarn and improve the production efficiency of the subsequent process.

b. Remove defects and impurities on the yarn and improve the quality and strength of the yarn.

(2) Merger

Two or more single yarns are put together.

(3) Twisting

The yarn is combined together, plus a certain twist, and processed into strands.

Process system for spinning

In order to obtain yarns with different quality standards, different spinning methods and spinning systems should be adopted for different fiber materials.

01Cotton spinning system

The raw materials used in cotton spinning production are cotton fiber and cotton-type chemical fiber, and its products include pure cotton yarn, purified chemical fiber yarn and various blended yarns. In the cotton spinning system, according to the quality of raw materials and yarn quality requirements, it is divided into general carding system, combing system and waste spinning system.

(1) General comb system

Generally used for spinning coarse and medium special yarn, for weaving ordinary fabrics, its process and semi-products, finished product names are shown in the figure below.

(2) Combing system

Combing systems are used to spin high-grade cotton yarns, specialty yarns or blends of cotton and chemical fibers. The process of the combing system, the names of semi-products and finished products are shown in the figure below.

▲Combing:

Further remove cotton knots, impurities and fiber defects in the fiber, eliminate the staple fibers below a certain length, improve the length uniformity and straightness of the fiber, and draw the cotton strip to a certain thickness.

(3) Waste spinning system

The waste spinning system is used to process inexpensive rough cotton yarn, the process of which is shown in the figure below.

(4) Chemical fiber and cotton blending system

When polyester (or other chemical fibers) and cotton are blended, due to the different properties and impurities of polyester and cotton fibers, it cannot be mixed and processed in the love letter process, and it is necessary to make strips of lattice, and then mix on the first road drawing machine (mixing), in order to ensure mixing, three parallel strips are required. The process flow of general combing and combing spinning is shown in the figure below.

02 Wool spinning system

The wool spinning system is the whole production process of wool yarn, wool feather chemical fiber blended yarn and chemical fiber pure spinning yarn on wool spinning equipment using wool fiber and wool chemical fiber as raw materials.

(1) Coarse wool spinning system

The flowchart of the coarse wool spinning system is shown in the figure below.

(2) Combed wool spinning system

The combed wool spinning system has many processes and long processes, which can be divided into two parts: straight strips and spinning, and the spinning system flow is shown in the figure below.

Combed strip manufacturing, also called wool strip manufacturing, can set up a separate factory, the product (combed wool strip) can be sold as a commodity, the wool strip manufacturing process is shown in the figure below.

Some combed wool mills do not have a strip-making process, using combed wool strips as raw materials, and the production process includes pre-spinning and post-spinning; Most factories do not have a strip dyeing and recombing strip dyeing and combing process, which refers to the second combing after dyeing the wool, and the recombing process is similar to the strip making process. The flow of the combed wool spinning system without a double combing process is shown in Figure 1-8. In addition, there is a semi-combed spinning process system between combed and combing.

03 Hemp spinning system

There are three spinning systems for hemp spinning: ramie, jute and flax.

(1) Ramie spinning system

Generally, combed wool or silk spinning systems are borrowed, and only local improvements are made on the equipment. The raw hemp should first be pretreated and processed into fine hemp, and its spinning process is shown in the figure below; Short ramie and larchy can generally be processed by a cotton spinning system.

(2) Linen spinning system

The raw material of linen spinning is beaten into hemp, which is processed by the flax long linen spinning system, and its spinning process is shown in Figure 1-12, in which the roving of long linen spinning is cooked and then finely processed. The falling hemp and back hemp of long linen spinning enter the short linen spinning system, and the process is shown in the figure below.